Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

If you're a senator, remember you're a senator. If you're young, remember you're young. If you're old, remember you're old. Each role has its duties. But if you go and blame your brother, you've forgotten who you are and what your role demands. Think about it this way: if you were a blacksmith and used your hammer wrong, you'd have forgotten how to be a blacksmith. If you've forgotten how to be a brother and become an enemy instead, haven't you traded one thing for another? And if you've stopped being human — a gentle, social creature — and become a vicious wild animal that's sneaky and cruel, haven't you lost something important?

Discourses, How We May Discover the Duties of Life from Names 132 of 388
Knowing Yourself Human Nature
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Next to this, if you are a senator of any state, remember that you are a senator; if a youth, that you are a youth; if an old man, that you are an old man; for each of such names, if it comes to be examined, marks out the proper duties. But if you go and blame your brother, I say to you, You have forgotten who you are and what is your name. In the next place, if you were a smith and made a wrong use of the hammer, you would have forgotten the smith; and if you have forgotten the brother and instead of a brother have become an enemy, would you appear not to have changed one thing for another in that case? And if instead of a man, who is a tame animal and social, you are become a mischievous wild beast, treacherous, and biting, have you lost nothing?

Discourses, How We May Discover the Duties of Life from Names 132 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

Remember that you are a son. What does being a son require? Consider everything you own as belonging to your father. Obey him in everything. Never criticize him to others. Never say or do anything that hurts him. Give way to him in all things. Work with him as much as you can. Also remember that you are a brother. What does being a brother require? Make compromises. Be easily convinced. Speak well of your brother. Never fight him over things outside your control. Give those things up freely. This way you get a bigger share of what is within your control. Think about it: you give up a piece of lettuce or a chair, and in return you gain good character. What a great trade.

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Human Nature Doing The Right Thing
Epictetus — The Slave Original

After this, remember that you are a son. What does this character promise? To consider that everything which is the son's belongs to the father, to obey him in all things, never to blame him to another, nor to say or do anything which does him injury, to yield to him in all things and give way, co-operating with him as far as you can. After this know that you are a brother also, and that to this character it is due to make concessions; to be easily persuaded, to speak good of your brother, never to claim in opposition to him any of the things which are independent of the will, but readily to give them up, that you may have the larger share in what is dependent on the will. For see what a thing it is, in place of a lettuce, if it should so happen, or a seat, to gain for yourself goodness of disposition. How great is the advantage.

Discourses, How We May Discover the Duties of Life from Names 131 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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