Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

So you're living among people who are completely confused. They don't know what they're saying. They don't understand their problems or why they have them or how to fix them. Given this mess, I think it's worth your time to constantly watch yourself and ask: Am I one of them too? What do I think about myself? How do I act? Do I act like a wise person? Do I act like someone with self-control? Do I ever claim that I've been taught to handle whatever happens? Do I have the awareness that someone who knows nothing should have — that I know nothing? When I go to my teacher, do I go like people go to oracles, ready to obey? Or do I go like a whining schoolboy who just wants to learn facts and understand books I didn't get before, and maybe show off by explaining them to others?

Discourses, Of Inconsistency 179 of 388
Knowing Yourself Human Nature
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Living then among such men, who are so confused, so ignorant of what they say, and of the evils which they have or have not, and why they have them, or how they shall be relieved of them, I think it is worth the trouble for a man to watch constantly (and to ask) whether I also am one of them, what imagination I have about myself, how I conduct myself, whether I conduct myself as a prudent man, whether I conduct myself as a temperate man, whether I ever say this, that I have been taught to be prepared for everything that may happen. Have I the consciousness, which a man who knows nothing ought to have, that I know nothing? Do I go to my teacher as men go to oracles, prepared to obey? or do I like a snivelling boy go to my school to learn history and understand the books which I did not understand before, and, if it should happen so, to explain them also to others?

Discourses, Of Inconsistency 179 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

The main problem is that people are confused about what's good and what's bad. Different people have different reasons for this confusion. Generally, if they think something makes them look terrible, they won't admit to it at all. But they think being timid shows good character. They think being compassionate does too. They think being foolish is what slaves do. And they absolutely won't admit to things that harm society. Most of the time, people will confess to their mistakes only when they think those mistakes happened against their will — like with timidity and compassion. If someone admits they lack self-control, they blame it on love or passion. They say it wasn't their choice. But people don't think injustice happens against their will. They also think jealousy happens against their will. That's why they'll admit to being jealous too.

Discourses, Of Inconsistency 178 of 388
Knowing Yourself Human Nature
Epictetus — The Slave Original

The chief thing (the ruling thing) is inconsistency and confusion in the things which relate to good and evil. But different men have different reasons; and generally what they imagine to be base, they do not confess at all. But they suppose timidity to be a characteristic of a good disposition, and compassion also; but silliness to be the absolute characteristic of a slave. And they do not at all admit (confess) the things which are offences against society. But in the case of most errors for this reason chiefly they are induced to confess them, because they imagine that there is something involuntary in them as in timidity and compassion; and if a man confess that he is in any respect intemperate, he alleges love (or passion) as an excuse for what is involuntary. But men do not imagine injustice to be at all involuntary. There is also in jealousy, as they suppose, something involuntary; and for this reason they confess to jealousy also.

Discourses, Of Inconsistency 178 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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