Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

Why are you distracting him from seeing his own problems? Show him what virtue actually does so he knows where real improvement happens. Look for it there, you fool — where your actual work is. And where is your work? In what you want and what you avoid, so you don't get disappointed or end up with what you're trying to escape. In going after things and staying away from things, so you don't make mistakes. In what you accept as true and what you hold back from believing, so you don't get fooled. These first things I mentioned are the most important and necessary. But if you're shaking and crying while trying not to fall into what you want to avoid, tell me — how exactly are you improving?

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Knowing Yourself Freedom & Control
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Why do you draw him away from the perception of his own misfortunes? Will you not show him the effect of virtue that he may learn where to look for improvement? Seek it there, wretch, where your work lies. And where is your work? In desire and in aversion, that you may not be disappointed in your desire, and that you may not fall into that which you would avoid; in your pursuit and avoiding, that you commit no error; in assent and suspension of assent, that you be not deceived. The first things, and the most necessary are those which I have named. But if with trembling and lamentation you seek not to fall into that which you avoid, tell me how you are improving.

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Epictetus — The Slave

So if virtue brings tranquillity like we just said, why do we look for progress in other areas and show off about it? What does virtue actually produce? Peace of mind. Who's really improving then? The person who has read tons of books by Chrysippus? Does virtue mean understanding Chrysippus? If so, then progress is clearly just knowing a lot about Chrysippus. But we just agreed that virtue produces one thing, and we're saying that getting close to virtue is something else — namely, progress. Someone says, "This person can now read Chrysippus on his own." Great, sir, you're making real progress. What kind of progress is that? Why are you mocking the man?

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Knowing Yourself What Matters Most
Epictetus — The Slave Original

How then do we admit that virtue is such as I have said, and yet seek progress in other things and make a display of it? What is the product of virtue? Tranquillity. Who then makes improvement? Is it he who has read many books of Chrysippus? But does virtue consist in having understood Chrysippus? If this is so, progress is clearly nothing else than knowing a great deal of Chrysippus. But now we admit that virtue produces one thing, and we declare that approaching near to it is another thing, namely, progress or improvement. Such a person, says one, is already able to read Chrysippus by himself. Indeed, sir, you are making great progress. What kind of progress? But why do you mock the man?

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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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