Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

But grief is something that depends on your will — that's an evil. Someone else bears condemnation with courage. That depends on their will — that's good. If we train ourselves this way, we'll make progress. We'll never agree with anything unless we can clearly understand what actually happened. Your son is dead. What happened? Your son is dead. Anything else? No. Your ship sank. What happened? Your ship sank. A man was taken to prison. What happened? He was taken to prison. But the idea that this is terrible — everyone adds that from their own opinion.

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Freedom & Control Calm Your Mind
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Affliction is a thing which depends on the will: it is an evil. He has borne the condemnation bravely. That is a thing within the power of the will: it is a good. If we train ourselves in this manner, we shall make progress; for we shall never assent to anything of which there is not an appearance capable of being comprehended. Your son is dead. What has happened? Your son is dead. Nothing more? Nothing. Your ship is lost. What has happened? Your ship is lost. A man has been led to prison. What has happened? He has been led to prison. But that herein he has fared badly, every man adds from his own opinion.

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Epictetus — The Slave

HOW WE MUST TRAIN OURSELVES AGAINST FIRST IMPRESSIONS — We practice answering tricky logical questions. We should also practice daily against our first impressions. These impressions ask us questions too. Someone's son has died. Your answer: this is not under your control, so it's not an evil. A father has cut off his son from inheritance. What do you think? It's beyond your control, not an evil. Caesar has condemned someone. It's beyond your control, not an evil. The person is upset about this.

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Freedom & Control Facing Hardship
Epictetus — The Slave Original

HOW WE MUST EXERCISE OURSELVES AGAINST APPEARANCES ([Greek: phantasias]).—As we exercise ourselves against sophistical questions, so we ought to exercise ourselves daily against appearances; for these appearances also propose questions to us. A certain person's son is dead. Answer; the thing is not within the power of the will: it is not an evil. A father has disinherited a certain son. What do you think of it? It is a thing beyond the power of the will, not an evil. Cæsar has condemned a person. It is a thing beyond the power of the will, not an evil. The man is afflicted at this.

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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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