Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

Now answer me this: doesn't freedom seem great and noble and valuable to you? Of course it does. So is it possible for someone who has something so great and valuable to act like a coward? No way. When you see someone bowing down to another person or flattering them against their own beliefs, you can be sure that person is not free. This applies whether they're doing it for a free meal or for a government position or high office. Call the people who do this for small rewards "little slaves." Call the people who do it for big rewards "great slaves" — because that's what they deserve to be called. You'll agree with this. Do you think freedom means being independent and self-governing? Absolutely. So anyone who can be stopped or forced by another person — declare that person is not free.

Discourses, About Freedom 307 of 388
Freedom & Control Knowing Yourself
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Further, then, answer me this question, also: does freedom seem to you to be something great and noble and valuable? How should it not seem so? Is it possible then when a man obtains anything so great and valuable and noble to be mean? It is not possible. When then you see any man subject to another or flattering him contrary to his own opinion, confidently affirm that this man also is not free; and not only if he do this for a bit of supper, but also if he does it for a government (province) or a consulship; and call these men little slaves who for the sake of little matters do these things, and those who do so for the sake of great things call great slaves, as they deserve to be. This is admitted also. Do you think that freedom is a thing independent and self-governing? Certainly. Whomsoever then it is in the power of another to hinder and compel, declare that he is not free.

Discourses, About Freedom 307 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

A person is free when they live as they want to live. They're not forced into anything or blocked from what they want. Their actions flow naturally. They get what they desire. They avoid what they don't want. So who chooses to live in error? Nobody. Who chooses to live deceived, prone to mistakes, unfair, out of control, unhappy, or petty? Nobody. Therefore, no bad person lives as they wish. And so no bad person is free. Who chooses to live in grief, fear, envy, or pity? Who chooses to want things and not get them, or to try avoiding something and fall right into it? Nobody. Do we find any bad person free from grief or fear? Do we find any who avoid what they don't want and get what they do want? No. We don't find any bad person who is truly free.

Discourses, About Freedom 306 of 388
Freedom & Control Knowing Yourself
Epictetus — The Slave Original

He is free who lives as he wishes to live; who is neither subject to compulsion nor to hindrance, nor to force; whose movements to action ([Greek: hormai]) are not impeded, whose desires attain their purpose, and who does not fall into that which he would avoid ([Greek: echchliseis aperiptotoi]). Who then chooses to live in error? No man. Who chooses to live deceived, liable to mistake, unjust, unrestrained, discontented, mean? No man. Not one then of the bad lives as he wishes; nor is he then free. And who chooses to live in sorrow, fear, envy, pity, desiring and failing in his desires, attempting to avoid something and falling into it? Not one. Do we then find any of the bad free from sorrow, free from fear, who does not fall into that which he would avoid, and does not obtain that which he wishes? Not one; nor then do we find any bad man free.

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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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