Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

Do you have the instincts of a wild animal? Do you feel driven to get revenge when someone hurts you? When is a horse miserable? When it loses its natural abilities. Not when it can't crow like a rooster, but when it can't run. When is a dog miserable? Not when it can't fly, but when it can't hunt. A person becomes unhappy the same way. Not because he can't strangle lions or hug statues — he wasn't born with those powers anyway. He becomes unhappy when he loses his honesty and trustworthiness. People should gather around such a person and mourn for the tragedy that has befallen him.

Discourses, Against the Quarrelsome and Ferocious 344 of 388
Human Nature Knowing Yourself
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Have you the disposition of a wild beast, have you the disposition of revenge for an injury? When is a horse wretched? When he is deprived of his natural faculties, not when he cannot crow like a cock, but when he cannot run. When is a dog wretched? Not when he cannot fly, but when he cannot track his game. Is then a man also unhappy in this way, not because he cannot strangle lions or embrace statues, for he did not come into the world in the possession of certain powers from nature for this purpose, but because he has lost his probity and his fidelity? People ought to meet and lament such a man for the misfortunes into which he has fallen;

Discourses, Against the Quarrelsome and Ferocious 344 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

When did this person learn that humans are social creatures? In what school did they study that people should love each other? Where were they taught that doing wrong harms the wrongdoer most of all? They never learned these lessons. They don't believe them. So why wouldn't they do what seems best for themselves? Your neighbor threw stones at your house. Did you do something wrong? No. Your windows got broken. Are you just a piece of property? No. You're a free human being with the power to choose. So what should you do? If you act like a wild animal, you'll bite back and throw more stones. But if you want to act like a human being, think about what you're capable of. Check your toolkit. Remember what abilities you were born with.

Discourses, Against the Quarrelsome and Ferocious 343 of 388
Human Nature Knowing Yourself Doing The Right Thing
Epictetus — The Slave Original

For when did he learn or in what school that man is a tame animal, that men love one another, that an act of injustice is a great harm to him who does it. Since then he has not learned this and is not convinced of it, why shall he not follow that which seems to be for his own interest? Your neighbor has thrown stones. Have you then done anything wrong? But the things in the house have been broken. Are you then a utensil? No; but a free power of will. What then is given to you (to do) in answer to this? If you are like a wolf, you must bite in return, and throw more stones. But, if you consider what is proper for a man, examine your storehouse, see with what faculties you came into the world.

Discourses, Against the Quarrelsome and Ferocious 343 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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