Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

What does it mean to be a good citizen? It means you don't consider only what benefits you personally. You don't make decisions as if you're separate from your community. Instead, you act like a hand or foot would act if it could think and understand how the body works. Your hand would never move or want anything unless it was good for the whole body. That's why philosophers say this: if a good person knew the future, he would willingly accept his own sickness, death, and injury. He would know these things happen according to the universal plan. He would know the whole is more important than any part, and the state is more important than any individual citizen. But we can't know the future. So our job is to stick with choices that are naturally better for us. After all, we were made for this kind of thinking.

Discourses, How We May Discover the Duties of Life from Names 130 of 388
Doing The Right Thing Human Nature
Epictetus — The Slave Original

What then does the character of a citizen promise (profess)? To hold nothing as profitable to himself; to deliberate about nothing as if he were detached from the community, but to act as the hand or foot would do, if they had reason and understood the constitution of nature, for they would never put themselves in motion nor desire anything otherwise than with reference to the whole. Therefore, the philosophers say well, that if the good man had foreknowledge of what would happen, he would co-operate towards his own sickness and death and mutilation, since he knows that these things are assigned to him according to the universal arrangement, and that the whole is superior to the part, and the state to the citizen. But now because we do not know the future, it is our duty to stick to the things which are in their nature more suitable for our choice, for we were made among other things for this.

Discourses, How We May Discover the Duties of Life from Names 130 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

Think about who you are. First, you're a human being. As a human, nothing is more important than your ability to choose. Everything else is beneath that power. Your will belongs to you alone — no one can enslave it or control it. Think about what separates you from other creatures. You're not a wild animal. You're not livestock. You're a citizen of the universe itself. And you're not just any citizen — you're one of the ruling class, not the servant class. Why? Because you can understand how the divine order works. You can see how everything connects.

Discourses, How We May Discover the Duties of Life from Names 129 of 388
Knowing Yourself Human Nature
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Consider who you are. In the first place, you are a man; and this is one who has nothing superior to the faculty of the will, but all other things subjected to it; and the faculty itself he possesses unenslaved and free from subjection. Consider then from what things you have been separated by reason. You have been separated from wild beasts; you have been separated from domestic animals ([Greek: probaton]). Further, you are a citizen of the world, and a part of it, not one of the subservient (serving), but one of the principal (ruling) parts, for you are capable of comprehending the divine administration and of considering the connection of things.

Discourses, How We May Discover the Duties of Life from Names 129 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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