Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

If bad habits are what trouble you, you need to work against them. How do you fight a habit? With the opposite habit. You hear ignorant people say: "That poor person is dead. His parents are crushed with grief. He died too young and far from home." Listen to the opposite way of talking. Pull yourself away from these words. Fight one habit with its opposite habit. Fight twisted reasoning with clear thinking and training your mind. Against misleading appearances, you need clear principles ready at hand — pure and simple truths you can use right away.

Discourses, In How Many Ways Appearances Exist, and What Aids We Should Provide Against Them 68 of 388
Knowing Yourself Calm Your Mind
Epictetus — The Slave Original

If it is habit which annoys us, we must try to seek aid against habit. What aid, then, can we find against habit? The contrary habit. You hear the ignorant say: "That unfortunate person is dead; his father and mother are overpowered with sorrow; he was cut off by an untimely death and in a foreign land." Hear the contrary way of speaking. Tear yourself from these expressions; oppose to one habit the contrary habit; to sophistry oppose reason, and the exercise and discipline of reason; against persuasive (deceitful) appearances we ought to have manifest præcognitions ([Greek: prolaepseis]), cleared of all impurities and ready to hand.

Discourses, In How Many Ways Appearances Exist, and What Aids We Should Provide Against Them 68 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

Things can appear to us in four ways. Either things are what they seem to be. Or they don't exist and don't seem to exist either. Or they do exist but don't seem to exist. Or they don't exist but seem to exist anyway. In all these cases, making the right judgment is what an educated person should do. But whatever is bothering you — that's what you need to fix. If the tricky arguments of philosophers like Pyrrho and the Academics are what's bothering you, then deal with those arguments. If it's the tricks that appearances play — making some things look good when they're actually not good — then find a remedy for that.

Discourses, In How Many Ways Appearances Exist, and What Aids We Should Provide Against Them 67 of 388
Knowing Yourself Calm Your Mind
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Appearances are to us in four ways. For either things appear as they are; or they are not, and do not even appear to be; or they are, and do not appear to be; or they are not, and yet appear to be. Further, in all these cases to form a right judgment (to hit the mark) is the office of an educated man. But whatever it is that annoys (troubles) us, to that we ought to apply a remedy. If the sophisms of Pyrrho and of the Academics are what annoys (troubles), we must apply the remedy to them. If it is the persuasion of appearances, by which some things appear to be good, when they are not good, let us seek a remedy for this.

Discourses, In How Many Ways Appearances Exist, and What Aids We Should Provide Against Them 67 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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