Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

When death seems like something terrible, keep this rule ready: you should avoid terrible things, but death is unavoidable. So what can I do? Where can I run from it? Let's say I'm not some hero like Sarpedon who can say noble things like: 'I'll go into battle. Either I'll be brave myself, or I'll give someone else the chance to be brave. If I can't do anything great myself, at least I won't stop others from doing something great.' But suppose we can't act like heroes. Can't we at least think like them? Tell me where I can escape death. Show me the country where death never visits. Show me the people who never die. Find me a magic spell against death. If there isn't one, what do you want me to do? I can't escape death. But I can escape the fear of death. Should I die crying and shaking instead?

Discourses, In How Many Ways Appearances Exist, and What Aids We Should Provide Against Them 69 of 388
Death & Mortality Facing Hardship
Epictetus — The Slave Original

When death appears an evil, we ought to have this rule in readiness, that it is fit to avoid evil things, and that death is a necessary thing. For what shall I do, and where shall I escape it? Suppose that I am not Sarpedon, the son of Zeus, nor able to speak in this noble way. I will go and I am resolved either to behave bravely myself or to give to another the opportunity of doing so; if I cannot succeed in doing anything myself, I will not grudge another the doing of something noble. Suppose that it is above our power to act thus; is it not in our power to reason thus? Tell me where I can escape death; discover for me the country, show me the men to whom I must go, whom death does not visit. Discover to me a charm against death. If I have not one, what do you wish me to do? I cannot escape from death. Shall I not escape from the fear of death, but shall I die lamenting and trembling?

Discourses, In How Many Ways Appearances Exist, and What Aids We Should Provide Against Them 69 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

If bad habits are what trouble you, you need to work against them. How do you fight a habit? With the opposite habit. You hear ignorant people say: "That poor person is dead. His parents are crushed with grief. He died too young and far from home." Listen to the opposite way of talking. Pull yourself away from these words. Fight one habit with its opposite habit. Fight twisted reasoning with clear thinking and training your mind. Against misleading appearances, you need clear principles ready at hand — pure and simple truths you can use right away.

Discourses, In How Many Ways Appearances Exist, and What Aids We Should Provide Against Them 68 of 388
Knowing Yourself Calm Your Mind
Epictetus — The Slave Original

If it is habit which annoys us, we must try to seek aid against habit. What aid, then, can we find against habit? The contrary habit. You hear the ignorant say: "That unfortunate person is dead; his father and mother are overpowered with sorrow; he was cut off by an untimely death and in a foreign land." Hear the contrary way of speaking. Tear yourself from these expressions; oppose to one habit the contrary habit; to sophistry oppose reason, and the exercise and discipline of reason; against persuasive (deceitful) appearances we ought to have manifest præcognitions ([Greek: prolaepseis]), cleared of all impurities and ready to hand.

Discourses, In How Many Ways Appearances Exist, and What Aids We Should Provide Against Them 68 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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