Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

Are these things done only in us? Many are done only in us — things that rational beings especially need. But you'll find many things we share with non-rational animals. Do animals understand what happens to them? Not at all. Using something is different from understanding it. God needed non-rational animals to use their impressions of the world. But he needed us to understand how to use our impressions. So it's enough for animals to eat, drink, mate, and do whatever else comes naturally to them. But for us — since God also gave us the ability to think — these basic things aren't enough. Unless we act properly and in an orderly way, following the nature of each situation, we'll never reach our true purpose.

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Human Nature Knowing Yourself
Epictetus — The Slave Original

What, then, are these things done in us only? Many, indeed, in us only, of which the rational animal had peculiar need; but you will find many common to us with irrational animals. Do they then understand what is done? By no means. For use is one thing, and understanding is another; God had need of irrational animals to make use of appearances, but of us to understand the use of appearances. It is therefore enough for them to eat and to drink, and to copulate, and to do all the other things which they severally do. But for us, to whom he has given also the intellectual faculty, these things are not sufficient; for unless we act in a proper and orderly manner, and conformably to the nature and constitution of each thing, we shall never attain our true end.

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Epictetus — The Slave

You can easily praise Providence for everything that exists or happens in the world — if you have two qualities. First, you need the ability to see how things work together for everyone and everything. Second, you need a grateful heart. Without these two qualities, some people won't see the point of what exists and what happens. Others won't be thankful, even when they do understand. Think about it: if God had made colors but hadn't given us eyes to see them, what good would colors be? None at all. On the flip side, if God had given us vision but hadn't made anything for us to see, what good would sight be? Again, none at all. Now suppose God had made both colors and eyes, but hadn't made light to see by. Even then, they'd be useless. So who is it that fitted all these things together so perfectly?

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Human Nature What Matters Most
Epictetus — The Slave Original

From everything, which is or happens in the world, it is easy to praise Providence, if a man possesses these two qualities: the faculty of seeing what belongs and happens to all persons and things, and a grateful disposition. If he does not possess these two qualities, one man will not see the use of things which are and which happen: another will not be thankful for them, even if he does know them. If God had made colors, but had not made the faculty of seeing them, what would have been their use? None at all. On the other hand, if he had made the faculty of vision, but had not made objects such as to fall under the faculty, what in that case also would have been the use of it? None at all. Well, suppose that he had made both, but had not made light? In that case, also, they would have been of no use. Who is it then who has fitted this to that and that to this?

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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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