Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

So when a tyrant threatens me and calls for me, I say, "Who are you threatening?" If he says, "I will put you in chains," I say, "You're threatening my hands and feet." If he says, "I will cut off your head," I reply, "You're threatening my head." If he says, "I will throw you in prison," I say, "You're threatening this poor body of mine." If he threatens me with exile, I say the same thing. So does he not threaten me at all? If I know that all these things don't concern me, then he doesn't threaten me at all. But if I fear any of them, then it's me he's threatening. Who am I afraid of then? The master of what? The master of things that are in my power? There is no such master. Do I fear the master of things that are not in my power? And what are these things to me?

Discourses, On Constancy (or Firmness) 80 of 388
Freedom & Control Facing Hardship
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Therefore when the tyrant threatens and calls me, I say, Whom do you threaten? If he says, I will put you in chains, I say, You threaten my hands and my feet. If he says, I will cut off your head, I reply, You threaten my head. If he says, I will throw you into prison, I say, You threaten the whole of this poor body. If he threatens me with banishment, I say the same. Does he then not threaten you at all? If I feel that all these things do not concern me, he does not threaten me at all; but if I fear any of them, it is I whom he threatens. Whom then do I fear? the master of what? The master of things which are in my own power? There is no such master. Do I fear the master of things which are not in my power? And what are these things to me?

Discourses, On Constancy (or Firmness) 80 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

What makes something good? A certain kind of will. What makes something bad? A certain kind of will. So what are external things? They're just raw materials for your will to work with. Your will becomes good or bad based on how it handles these materials. How does your will become good? By not overvaluing the materials themselves. If your opinions about these materials are correct, your will becomes good. If your opinions are twisted and wrong, your will becomes bad. God has set up this rule: 'If you want anything good, get it from yourself.' You say, 'No, I want someone else to give it to me.' Don't do that. Get it from yourself.

Discourses, On Constancy (or Firmness) 79 of 388
Freedom & Control Knowing Yourself
Epictetus — The Slave Original

The being (nature) of the good is a certain will; the being of the bad is a certain kind of will. What, then, are externals? Materials for the will, about which the will being conversant shall obtain its own good or evil. How shall it obtain the good? If it does not admire (over-value) the materials; for the opinions about the materials, if the opinions are right, make the will good: but perverse and distorted opinions make the will bad. God has fixed this law, and says, "If you would have anything good, receive it from yourself." You say, No, but I will have it from another. Do not so: but receive it from yourself.

Discourses, On Constancy (or Firmness) 79 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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