Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

Now, about speaking and hearing perfectly and usefully — let's drop that topic for now if you don't mind. We're both nowhere near that level. But I think everyone will agree on this: if you're going to listen to philosophers, you need some practice in listening. Right? So why aren't you saying anything to me? Here's all I can tell you: If you don't know who you are, why you exist, what this world is, who you're dealing with, what's good and bad, what's beautiful and ugly — if you can't understand arguments or proof, can't tell truth from lies, can't make distinctions — then you won't want the right things or avoid the right things. You won't move toward what you should or plan properly. You won't agree, disagree, or hold off judgment when you should. To put it simply: you'll stumble around deaf and blind, thinking you're somebody important when you're actually nobody.

Discourses, On the Power of Speaking 199 of 388
Knowing Yourself Human Nature
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Now as to speaking and hearing perfectly, and usefully, let us for the present, if you please, say no more, for both of us are a long way from everything of the kind. But I think that every man will allow this, that he who is going to hear philosophers requires some amount of practice in hearing. Is it not so? Why then do you say nothing to me? I can only say this to you, that he who knows not who he is, and for what purpose he exists, and what is this world, and with whom he is associated, and what things are the good and the bad, and the beautiful and the ugly, and who neither understands discourse nor demonstration, nor what is true nor what is false, and who is not able to distinguish them, will neither desire according to nature nor turn away nor move towards, nor intend (to act), nor assent, nor dissent, nor suspend his judgment: to say all in a few words, he will go about dumb and blind, thinking that he is somebody, but being nobody.

Discourses, On the Power of Speaking 199 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

And does everyone who listens benefit from what they hear? Or do you find that some listeners benefit while others get hurt? There are both types, he said. So those who listen skillfully benefit, and those who listen poorly get damaged? He agreed. Then is there a skill to listening, just like there's a skill to speaking? It seems so. Look at it this way if you want. Who does music belong to? A musician. And making a statue properly — who does that belong to? A sculptor. And looking at a statue skillfully — does that seem like it needs no skill? That also needs skill. So if speaking well is the job of a skilled person, don't you see that listening with benefit is also the job of a skilled person?

Discourses, On the Power of Speaking 198 of 388
Knowing Yourself
Epictetus — The Slave Original

And are all who hear benefited by what they hear? Or will you find that among them also some are benefited and some damaged? There are both among these also, he said. In this case also then those who hear skilfully are benefited, and those who hear unskilfully are damaged? He admitted this. Is there then a skill in hearing also, as there is in speaking? It seems so. If you choose, consider the matter in this way also. The practice of music, to whom does it belong? To a musician. And the proper making of a statue, to whom do you think that it belongs? To a statuary. And the looking at a statue skilfully, does this appear to you to require the aid of no art? This also requires the aid of art. Then if speaking properly is the business of the skilful man, do you see that to hear also with benefit is the business of the skilful man?

Discourses, On the Power of Speaking 198 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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