Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

You say Alexander suffered great damage when the Greeks invaded Troy and his brothers died. Not at all. No one is damaged by something that isn't their own doing. What happened then was just the destruction of birds' nests. Alexander's real ruin came when he lost his sense of decency, loyalty, respect for guests, and proper behavior. When was Achilles ruined? When Patroclus died? No. It happened when he got angry, when he cried over a girl, when he forgot he was at Troy to fight, not to chase women. These things ruin men. This is what it means to be under siege. This is how cities fall — when right thinking is destroyed and corrupted.

Discourses, That We Ought not to Be Angry with Men; and What Are the Small and the Great Things Among Men 78 of 388
Facing Hardship Knowing Yourself What Matters Most
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Alexander, you say, sustained great damage then when the Hellenes invaded and when they ravaged Troy, and when his brothers perished. By no means; for no man is damaged by an action which is not his own; but what happened at that time was only the destruction of stork's nests. Now the ruin of Alexander was when he lost the character of modesty, fidelity, regard to hospitality, and to decency. When was Achilles ruined? Was it when Patroclus died? Not so. But it happened when he began to be angry, when he wept for a girl, when he forgot that he was at Troy not to get mistresses, but to fight. These things are the ruin of men, this is being besieged, this is the destruction of cities, when right opinions are destroyed, when they are corrupted.

Discourses, That We Ought not to Be Angry with Men; and What Are the Small and the Great Things Among Men 78 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

Does a person differ in no way from a stork? Don't think I'm saying that. But there's no difference in the physical matters I just mentioned. So where is the difference? Look for it and you'll find the difference lies elsewhere. See if it's not in a person's understanding of what they do. See if it's not in social bonds, in loyalty, in humility, in steadiness, in wisdom. This is where you find the great good and evil in people. It's where the difference lies. If this difference is kept safe and protected — if humility isn't destroyed, loyalty isn't lost, wisdom isn't abandoned — then the person survives intact. But if any of these qualities gets destroyed and overrun like a conquered city, then the person perishes too. This is what truly matters.

Discourses, That We Ought not to Be Angry with Men; and What Are the Small and the Great Things Among Men 77 of 388
Human Nature What Matters Most
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Does a man then differ in no respect from a stork? Don't suppose that I say so; but there is no difference in these matters (which I have mentioned). In what then is the difference? Seek and you will find that there is a difference in another matter. See whether it is not in a man the understanding of what he does, see if it is not in social community, in fidelity, in modesty, in steadfastness, in intelligence. Where then is the great good and evil in men? It is where the difference is. If the difference is preserved and remains fenced round, and neither modesty is destroyed, nor fidelity, nor intelligence, then the man also is preserved; but if any of these things is destroyed and stormed like a city, then the man too perishes: and in this consist the great things.

Discourses, That We Ought not to Be Angry with Men; and What Are the Small and the Great Things Among Men 77 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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