Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

Here's what we think a philosopher's work should be: he must align his wishes with what's actually happening. That way, nothing that happens goes against what he wants. And nothing that doesn't happen leaves him wishing it would. When philosophers arrange their work this way, they don't fail to get what they desire. They don't encounter what they're trying to avoid. They live without anxiety, without fear, without being rattled. And they do this alongside other people, maintaining all their relationships — as son, father, brother, citizen, human being, wife, neighbor, fellow traveler, ruler, or the one being ruled. This is what we think a philosopher's work should look like. The next question is: how do you actually do this?

Discourses, To Naso 153 of 388
Freedom & Control Calm Your Mind
Epictetus — The Slave Original

And here we conceive the work of a philosopher to be something of this kind: he must adapt his wish ([Greek: boulaesin]) to what is going on, so that neither any of the things which are taking place shall take place contrary to our wish, nor any of the things which do not take place shall not take place when we wish that they should. From this the result is to those who have so arranged the work of philosophy, not to fail in the desire, nor to fall in with that which they would avoid; without uneasiness, without fear, without perturbation to pass through life themselves, together with their associates maintaining the relations both natural and acquired, as the relation of son, of father, of brother, of citizen, of man, of wife, of neighbor, of fellow-traveller, of ruler, of ruled. The work of a philosopher we conceive to be something like this. It remains next to inquire how this must be accomplished.

Discourses, To Naso 153 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

A Roman man came in with his son to listen to a lecture. Epictetus said, "This is how teaching works," and stopped talking. When the Roman asked him to continue, Epictetus said: "Every skill causes struggle for someone who doesn't know it yet. But the things that come from these skills immediately show their purpose. And most of them have something attractive and pleasing about them. Watching someone learn to make shoes isn't pleasant. But the finished shoe is useful and nice to look at. Watching a blacksmith learn his trade is very unpleasant if you're just standing there as an outsider. But the finished work shows the value of the skill. You'll see this even more clearly with music. If you watch someone learning music, the practice will seem awful. But the results of music are pleasing and delightful to people who know nothing about music."

Discourses, To Naso 152 of 388
Knowing Yourself Facing Hardship
Epictetus — The Slave Original

When a certain Roman entered with his son and listened to one reading, Epictetus said, This is the method of instruction; and he stopped. When the Roman asked him to go on, Epictetus said, Every art when it is taught causes labor to him who is unacquainted with it and is unskilled in it, and indeed the things which proceed from the arts immediately show their use in the purpose for which they were made; and most of them contain something attractive and pleasing. For indeed to be present and to observe how a shoemaker learns is not a pleasant thing; but the shoe is useful and also not disagreeable to look at. And the discipline of a smith when he is learning is very disagreeable to one who chances to be present and is a stranger to the art: but the work shows the use of the art. But you will see this much more in music; for if you are present while a person is learning, the discipline will appear most disagreeable; and yet the results of music are pleasing and delightful to those who know nothing of music.

Discourses, To Naso 152 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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