Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

Think about it this way. A carpenter learns certain skills and becomes a carpenter. A ship pilot learns certain skills and becomes a pilot. So in philosophy, is it enough to just wish you were wise and good? No. You also need to learn certain things. What things? Philosophers say you should first learn that there is a God who takes care of everything. You can't hide your actions from him. You can't even hide your intentions and thoughts. Next, you need to learn what the gods are like. Once you understand their nature, you must try with all your strength to be like them if you want to please and obey them. If the divine is faithful, you must be faithful. If it is free, you must be free. If it does good for others, you must do good for others. If it is generous, you must be generous. Since you're copying God, everything you do and say must match this fact.

Discourses, To Naso 154 of 388
Knowing Yourself Doing The Right Thing
Epictetus — The Slave Original

We see then that the carpenter ([Greek: techton]) when he has learned certain things becomes a carpenter; the pilot by learning certain things becomes a pilot. May it not then in philosophy also not be sufficient to wish to be wise and good, and that there is also a necessity to learn certain things? We inquire then what these things are. The philosophers say that we ought first to learn that there is a God and that he provides for all things; also that it is not possible to conceal from him our acts, or even our intentions and thoughts. The next thing is to learn what is the nature of the gods; for such as they are discovered to be, he, who would please and obey them, must try with all his power to be like them. If the divine is faithful, man also must be faithful; if it is free, man also must be free; if beneficent, man also must be beneficent; if magnanimous, man also must be magnanimous; as being then an imitator of God he must do and say everything consistently with this fact.

Discourses, To Naso 154 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

Here's what we think a philosopher's work should be: he must align his wishes with what's actually happening. That way, nothing that happens goes against what he wants. And nothing that doesn't happen leaves him wishing it would. When philosophers arrange their work this way, they don't fail to get what they desire. They don't encounter what they're trying to avoid. They live without anxiety, without fear, without being rattled. And they do this alongside other people, maintaining all their relationships — as son, father, brother, citizen, human being, wife, neighbor, fellow traveler, ruler, or the one being ruled. This is what we think a philosopher's work should look like. The next question is: how do you actually do this?

Discourses, To Naso 153 of 388
Freedom & Control Calm Your Mind
Epictetus — The Slave Original

And here we conceive the work of a philosopher to be something of this kind: he must adapt his wish ([Greek: boulaesin]) to what is going on, so that neither any of the things which are taking place shall take place contrary to our wish, nor any of the things which do not take place shall not take place when we wish that they should. From this the result is to those who have so arranged the work of philosophy, not to fail in the desire, nor to fall in with that which they would avoid; without uneasiness, without fear, without perturbation to pass through life themselves, together with their associates maintaining the relations both natural and acquired, as the relation of son, of father, of brother, of citizen, of man, of wife, of neighbor, of fellow-traveller, of ruler, of ruled. The work of a philosopher we conceive to be something like this. It remains next to inquire how this must be accomplished.

Discourses, To Naso 153 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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