Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

When people hear that you should be firm and that your will is naturally free — not forced by anyone — while everything else can be blocked, enslaved, or controlled by others, they think they should stick to every decision they've ever made without changing course. But first, the decision itself needs to be sound. I want strength in the body, but the kind that exists in a healthy, athletic body. If I can see that you have the strength of a madman and you're bragging about it, I'll tell you: "Go find a doctor. That's not strength — that's weakness." Something similar happens to people who listen to these teachings the wrong way.

Discourses, To or Against Those Who Obstinately Persist in What They Have Determined 155 of 388
Knowing Yourself Doing The Right Thing
Epictetus — The Slave Original

When some persons have heard these words, that a man ought to be constant (firm), and that the will is naturally free and not subject to compulsion, but that all other things are subject to hindrance, to slavery, and are in the power of others, they suppose that they ought without deviation to abide by everything which they have determined. But in the first place that which has been determined ought to be sound (true). I require tone (sinews) in the body, but such as exists in a healthy body, in an athletic body; but if it is plain to me that you have the tone of a frenzied man and you boast of it, I shall say to you, Man, seek the physician; this is not tone, but atony (deficiency in right tone). In a different way something of the same kind is felt by those who listen to these discourses in a wrong manner.

Discourses, To or Against Those Who Obstinately Persist in What They Have Determined 155 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

Think about it this way. A carpenter learns certain skills and becomes a carpenter. A ship pilot learns certain skills and becomes a pilot. So in philosophy, is it enough to just wish you were wise and good? No. You also need to learn certain things. What things? Philosophers say you should first learn that there is a God who takes care of everything. You can't hide your actions from him. You can't even hide your intentions and thoughts. Next, you need to learn what the gods are like. Once you understand their nature, you must try with all your strength to be like them if you want to please and obey them. If the divine is faithful, you must be faithful. If it is free, you must be free. If it does good for others, you must do good for others. If it is generous, you must be generous. Since you're copying God, everything you do and say must match this fact.

Discourses, To Naso 154 of 388
Knowing Yourself Doing The Right Thing
Epictetus — The Slave Original

We see then that the carpenter ([Greek: techton]) when he has learned certain things becomes a carpenter; the pilot by learning certain things becomes a pilot. May it not then in philosophy also not be sufficient to wish to be wise and good, and that there is also a necessity to learn certain things? We inquire then what these things are. The philosophers say that we ought first to learn that there is a God and that he provides for all things; also that it is not possible to conceal from him our acts, or even our intentions and thoughts. The next thing is to learn what is the nature of the gods; for such as they are discovered to be, he, who would please and obey them, must try with all his power to be like them. If the divine is faithful, man also must be faithful; if it is free, man also must be free; if beneficent, man also must be beneficent; if magnanimous, man also must be magnanimous; as being then an imitator of God he must do and say everything consistently with this fact.

Discourses, To Naso 154 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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