Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

Are the good things of the best part of us under our control or not? They are under our control. So is pleasure of the soul something we control? Yes, he said. But what should this pleasure depend on? On itself? That doesn't make sense. There must first be some actual substance or nature of good. When we get hold of it, then we'll have pleasure in the soul. He agreed with this too. So what should this pleasure of the soul depend on? If it depends on things of the soul, then we've found the substance of good.

Discourses, To the Administrator of the Free Cities Who Was an Epicurean 221 of 388
Freedom & Control Knowing Yourself
Epictetus — The Slave Original

And are the good things of the best within the power of the will or not within the power of the will? They are within the power of the will. Is then the pleasure of the soul a thing within the power of the will? It is, he replied. And on what shall this pleasure depend? On itself? But that cannot be conceived; for there must first exist a certain substance or nature ([Greek: ousia]) of good, by obtaining which we shall have pleasure in the soul. He assented to this also. On what then shall we depend for this pleasure of the soul? for if it shall depend on things of the soul, the substance (nature) of the good is discovered;

Discourses, To the Administrator of the Free Cities Who Was an Epicurean 221 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

So what should we tell people? Is the flesh the best thing? Did Maximus sail all the way to Cassiope in winter with his son just so the boy could enjoy physical pleasures? When the man said no and added that such a thing was beneath Maximus, Epictetus said: Then shouldn't we actively work on whatever is best? That's obviously the most important thing to do. So what do we have that's better than the flesh? The soul, he replied. And are the good things of the best part better than the good things of the worse part? The good things of the best part.

Discourses, To the Administrator of the Free Cities Who Was an Epicurean 220 of 388
What Matters Most Knowing Yourself
Epictetus — The Slave Original

What shall we say to men? Is the flesh the best? and was it for this that Maximus sailed as far as Cassiope in winter (or bad weather) with his son, and accompanied him that he might be gratified in the flesh? When the man said that it was not, and added, Far be that from him. Is it not fit then, Epictetus said, to be actively employed about the best? It is certainly of all things the most fit. What then do we possess which is better than the flesh? The soul, he replied. And the good things of the best, are they better, or the good things of the worse? The good things of the best.

Discourses, To the Administrator of the Free Cities Who Was an Epicurean 220 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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