Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

Start by deciding what kind of person you want to be. Then stick to that character whether you're alone or with others.

Stay quiet most of the time. When you do speak, say only what's necessary and keep it short. You can join conversations sometimes when it makes sense. But don't talk about the usual stuff — gladiators, horse races, athletes, food, or drinks. These are shallow topics. And especially don't gossip about people by criticizing them, praising them, or comparing them. If you can steer the conversation toward better topics, do it. If you're stuck with strangers who won't budge, just stay quiet.

Don't laugh too loud, too often, or too much.

Avoid making oaths if you can. At least try to avoid them as much as possible.

The Enchiridion, Section 33 45 of 70
Knowing Yourself Doing The Right Thing
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Begin by prescribing to yourself some character and demeanor, such as you may preserve both alone and in company.

Be mostly silent, or speak merely what is needful, and in few words. We may, however, enter sparingly into discourse sometimes, when occasion calls for it; but let it not run on any of the common subjects, as gladiators, or horse races, or athletic champions, or food, or drink—the vulgar topics of conversation—and especially not on men, so as either to blame, or praise, or make comparisons. If you are able, then, by your own conversation, bring over that of your company to proper subjects; but if you happen to find yourself among strangers, be silent.

Let not your laughter be loud, frequent, or abundant.

Avoid taking oaths, if possible, altogether; at any rate, so far as you are able.

The Enchiridion, Section 33 45 of 70
Epictetus — The Slave

Use divination the way Socrates did — only for things where you can't figure out the outcome through thinking or skill. When it's your duty to share danger with a friend or your country, don't ask an oracle whether you should do it. Even if the fortune-teller warns you that bad signs point to death, injury, or exile, so what? You have reason inside you. It tells you to stand by your friend and country despite these risks. Listen to the greater fortune-teller — the god Apollo — who once threw someone out of his temple for failing to save his friend.

The Enchiridion, Section 32 44 of 70
Doing The Right Thing Human Nature
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Come to divination as Socrates prescribed, in cases of which the whole consideration relates to the event, and in which no opportunities are afforded by reason or any other art to discover the matter in view. When, therefore, it is our duty to share the danger of a friend or of our country, we ought not to consult the oracle as to whether we shall share it with them or not. For though the diviner should forewarn you that the auspices are unfavorable, this means no more than that either death or mutilation or exile is portended. But we have reason within us; and it directs us, even with these hazards, to stand by our friend and our country. Attend, therefore, to the greater diviner, the Pythian God, who once cast out of the temple him who neglected to save his friend.

The Enchiridion, Section 32 44 of 70
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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