Plain
Seneca — The Senator

Or we can define happiness this way: A happy person knows that good and bad come only from good or bad character. He values honor above all else. He's content with his own virtue. Good luck doesn't make him arrogant. Bad luck doesn't crush him. The only good he recognizes is what he can give himself. His real joy comes from not needing pleasures.

If you want to keep exploring this idea, you can say it many other ways without changing what it means. What's stopping us from saying that a happy life is simply a free mind? A mind that's honest, fearless, and steady. A mind that fear and desire can't touch. A mind that sees honor as the only good thing and shame as the only bad thing. Everything else — all those petty concerns — can't add to or subtract from real happiness. They come and go, but they never increase or decrease what truly matters.

On the Happy Life, Section 4 14 of 101
What Matters Most Knowing Yourself
Seneca — The Senator Original

Or we may choose to define it by calling that man happy who knows good and bad only in the form of good or bad minds: who worships honour, and is satisfied with his own virtue, who is neither puffed up by good fortune nor cast down by evil fortune, who knows no other good than that which he is able to bestow upon himself, whose real pleasure lies in despising pleasures. If you choose to pursue this digression further, you can put this same idea into many other forms, without impairing or weakening its meaning: for what prevents our saying that a happy life consists in a mind which is free, upright, undaunted, and steadfast, beyond the influence of fear or desire, which thinks nothing good except honour, and nothing bad except shame, and regards everything else as a mass of mean details which can neither add anything to nor take anything away from the happiness of life, but which come and go without either increasing or diminishing the highest good?

On the Happy Life, Section 4 14 of 101
Seneca — The Senator

You can define our highest good in different ways. The same idea can be expressed with different words. Think of an army. Sometimes it spreads out wide. Sometimes it bunches together. Sometimes it curves at the wings when the center pulls back. Sometimes it forms a straight line. No matter what shape it takes, its strength and loyalty stay the same. Our definition of the highest good works the same way. Sometimes you express it with many words. Sometimes you say it briefly. Both ways mean the same thing. I could say 'The highest good is a mind that ignores fortune's accidents and finds joy in virtue.' Or I could say 'It is an unbeatable strength of mind that knows the world well, acts gently, and shows great courtesy to everyone it meets.' Same idea, different words.

On the Happy Life, Section 4 13 of 101
Doing The Right Thing Knowing Yourself
Seneca — The Senator Original

Our highest good may also be defined otherwise, that is to say, the same idea may be expressed in different language. Just as the same army may at one time be extended more widely, at another contracted into a smaller compass, and may either be curved towards the wings by a depression in the line of the centre, or drawn up in a straight line, while, in whatever figure it be arrayed, its strength and loyalty remain unchanged; so also our definition of the highest good may in some cases be expressed diffusely and at great length, while in others it is put into a short and concise form. Thus, it will come to the same thing, if I say "The highest good is a mind which despises the accidents of fortune, and takes pleasure in virtue": or, "It is an unconquerable strength of mind, knowing the world well, gentle in its dealings, showing great courtesy and consideration for those with whom it is brought into contact."

On the Happy Life, Section 4 13 of 101
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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