Plain
Seneca — The Senator

No one can be called happy if they live apart from truth. A happy life never changes because it rests on clear, reliable judgment. The mind stays pure and free from all harm only when it can avoid not just deep wounds but even small scratches. It must always hold its ground and defend itself, even when Fortune attacks with fury. Think about physical pleasures — imagine they surround you completely, using every trick to win you over. They flatter your mind and try every scheme to capture all of you or just parts of you. But what person who still has any human dignity would want to be constantly entertained day and night? Who would ignore their mind just to chase bodily pleasures?

On the Happy Life, Section 5 18 of 101
Knowing Yourself What Matters Most
Seneca — The Senator Original

For no one can be styled happy who is beyond the influence of truth: and consequently a happy life is unchangeable, and is founded upon a true and trustworthy discernment; for the mind is uncontaminated and freed from all evils only when it is able to escape not merely from wounds but also from scratches, when it will always be able to maintain the position which it has taken up, and defend it even against the angry assaults of Fortune: for with regard to sensual pleasures, though they were to surround one on every side, and use every means of assault, trying to win over the mind by caresses and making trial of every conceivable stratagem to attract either our entire selves or our separate parts, yet what mortal that retains any traces of human origin would wish to be tickled day and night, and, neglecting his mind, to devote himself to bodily enjoyments?

On the Happy Life, Section 5 18 of 101
Seneca — The Senator

Since I've started defining things more loosely, you could call someone "happy" if they've used reason to stop hoping or fearing. But rocks don't feel fear or sadness either, and neither do cattle. Yet no one would call them happy, because they can't understand what happiness is. You can put certain people in the same category as cattle. These are people whose dull minds and lack of self-knowledge drag them down to the level of animals. There's no real difference between them and beasts. Animals have no reason at all. These people have reason, but it's twisted and corrupted — clever only in ways that hurt them.

On the Happy Life, Section 5 17 of 101
Knowing Yourself Human Nature
Seneca — The Senator Original

Since I have begun to make my definitions without a too strict adherence to the letter, a man may be called "happy" who, thanks to reason, has ceased either to hope or to fear: but rocks also feel neither fear nor sadness, nor do cattle, yet no one would call those things happy which cannot comprehend what happiness is. With them you may class men whose dull nature and want of self-knowledge reduces them to the level of cattle, mere animals: there is no difference between the one and the other, because the latter have no reason, while the former have only a corrupted form of it, crooked and cunning to their own hurt.

On the Happy Life, Section 5 17 of 101
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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