Since I've started defining things more loosely, you could call someone "happy" if they've used reason to stop hoping or fearing. But rocks don't feel fear or sadness either, and neither do cattle. Yet no one would call them happy, because they can't understand what happiness is. You can put certain people in the same category as cattle. These are people whose dull minds and lack of self-knowledge drag them down to the level of animals. There's no real difference between them and beasts. Animals have no reason at all. These people have reason, but it's twisted and corrupted — clever only in ways that hurt them.
Since I have begun to make my definitions without a too strict adherence to the letter, a man may be called "happy" who, thanks to reason, has ceased either to hope or to fear: but rocks also feel neither fear nor sadness, nor do cattle, yet no one would call those things happy which cannot comprehend what happiness is. With them you may class men whose dull nature and want of self-knowledge reduces them to the level of cattle, mere animals: there is no difference between the one and the other, because the latter have no reason, while the former have only a corrupted form of it, crooked and cunning to their own hurt.