Plain
Seneca — The Senator

We should also ask whether those whose cruelty knows no limits — who delight in spilling human blood — are actually angry when they kill people who have done them no harm. People like Apollodorus or Phalaris. This isn't anger. It's savagery. It doesn't hurt because it has been hurt. It's even willing to be hurt, as long as it gets to hurt others. It doesn't want to beat and torture bodies to get revenge. It does it for pleasure. So what should we make of this? This evil does grow from anger. When anger becomes a habit and gets fed constantly, it makes a person forget mercy. It drives out all sense of human fellowship. Finally, it turns into cruelty. These men laugh, celebrate, and enjoy themselves greatly. They look nothing like angry men — because cruelty has become their form of entertainment.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 5 Book 2 · 11 of 103
Human Nature Facing Hardship
Seneca — The Senator Original

We must also enquire whether those whose cruelty knows no bounds, and who delight in shedding human blood, are angry when they kill people from whom they have received no injury, and who they themselves do not think have done them any injury; such as were Apollodorus or Phalaris. This is not anger, it is ferocity: for it does not do hurt because it has received injury: but is even willing to receive injury, provided it may do hurt. It does not long to inflict stripes and mangle bodies to avenge its wrongs, but for its own pleasure. What then are we to say? This evil takes its rise from anger; for anger, after it has by long use and indulgence made a man forget mercy, and driven all feelings of human fellowship from his mind, passes finally into cruelty. Such men therefore laugh, rejoice, enjoy themselves greatly, and are as unlike as possible in countenance to angry men, since cruelty is their relaxation.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 5 Book 2 · 11 of 103
Seneca — The Senator

Now let me show you how emotions start, grow stronger, and take over. The first stage happens without your choice. It's like a warning that an emotion is coming. The second stage includes a desire, but not a stubborn one. For example: "I should get revenge because someone hurt me" or "This person deserves punishment because they committed a crime." The third stage is already out of your control. It overpowers reason and wants revenge no matter what — not because it's right, but just because. We can't use reason to escape that first mental reaction any more than we can escape certain physical reactions. We can't stop ourselves from yawning when others yawn. We can't help blinking when fingers suddenly dart toward our eyes. Reason can't overcome these habits, though practice and constant awareness might weaken them. These automatic reactions are different from emotions that start and end through deliberate thought.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 4 Book 2 · 10 of 103
Calm Your Mind Freedom & Control
Seneca — The Senator Original

Furthermore, that you may know in what manner passions begin and swell and gain spirit, learn that the first emotion is involuntary, and is, as it were, a preparation for a passion, and a threatening of one. The next is combined with a wish, though not an obstinate one, as, for example, “It is my duty to avenge myself, because I have been injured,” or “It is right that this man should be punished, because he has committed a crime.” The third emotion is already beyond our control, because it overrides reason, and wishes to avenge itself, not if it be its duty, but whether or no. We are not able by means of reason to escape from that first impression on the mind, any more than we can escape from those things which we have mentioned as occurring to the body: we cannot prevent other people’s yawns temping us to yawn:[3] we cannot help winking when fingers are suddenly darted at our eyes. Reason is unable to overcome these habits, which perhaps might be weakened by practice and constant watchfulness: they differ from an emotion which is brought into existence and brought to an end by a deliberate mental act.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 4 Book 2 · 10 of 103
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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