Plain
Seneca — The Senator

There's no doubt that anger starts when we think someone has wronged us. But here's the question: Does anger immediately follow that thought and spring up without any help from our minds? Or does anger need our mind's cooperation to get started? We Stoics believe that anger cannot do anything by itself without our mind's approval. Think about what happens: we form the idea that we've been wronged, we want revenge, and we connect two thoughts — that we shouldn't have been hurt and that we should strike back. A simple impulse that happens without our permission cannot do all this. That impulse would be simple. But this is complex, made up of several parts. The person understands that something happened. He gets indignant about it. He condemns what was done. And he seeks revenge. All these things cannot happen without his mind agreeing to the thoughts that affected him.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 1 Book 2 · 3 of 103
Calm Your Mind Freedom & Control
Seneca — The Senator Original

There is no doubt that anger is roused by the appearance of an injury being done: but the question before us is, whether anger straightway follows the appearance, and springs up without assistance from the mind, or whether it is roused with the sympathy of the mind. Our (the Stoics') opinion is, that anger can venture upon nothing by itself, without the approval of mind: for to conceive the idea of a wrong having been done, to long to avenge it, and to join the two propositions, that we ought not to have been injured and that it is our duty to avenge our injuries, cannot belong to a mere impulse which is excited without our consent. That impulse is a simple act; this is a complex one, and composed of several parts. The man understands something to have happened: he becomes indignant thereat: he condemns the deed; and he avenges it. All these things cannot be done without his mind agreeing to those matters which touched him.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 1 Book 2 · 3 of 103
Seneca — The Senator

We need to deal with these basic matters in our discussion so we can move on to higher things later. It's like building a body. First you set the bones, tendons, and joints in place. These parts aren't pretty to look at, but they're the foundation that holds everything together and keeps us alive. Next come the parts that create all the beauty of face and form. And finally, color — which charms the eye more than anything else — gets added last, when the rest of the body is finished.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 1 Book 2 · 2 of 103
Knowing Yourself
Seneca — The Senator Original

It is necessary for our debate to stoop to the consideration of these matters, in order that it may afterwards be able to rise to loftier themes; for likewise in our bodies the parts which are first set in order are the bones, sinews, and joints, which are by no means fair to see, albeit they are the foundation of our frame and essential to its life: next to them come the parts of which all beauty of face and appearance consists; and after these, colour, which above all else charms the eye, is applied last of all, when the rest of the body is complete.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 1 Book 2 · 2 of 103
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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