Plain
Seneca — The Senator

Where is this leading, you ask? We need to understand what anger really is. If anger springs up against our will, then reason can never defeat it. All movements that happen without our choice are beyond our control and unavoidable. We shiver when cold water hits us. We flinch when touched in sensitive spots. Our hair stands up at bad news. Our faces flush at crude words. We get dizzy looking down a cliff. We can't prevent any of these things, so no amount of reasoning will stop them. But anger can be driven away by wise thinking. It's a voluntary flaw of the mind, not one of those automatic responses that come with being human — responses that can happen even to the wisest among us.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 2 Book 2 · 4 of 103
Calm Your Mind Freedom & Control
Seneca — The Senator Original

Whither, say you, does this inquiry tend? That we may know what anger is: for if it springs up against our will, it never will yield to reason: because all the motions which take place without our volition are beyond our control and unavoidable, such as shivering when cold water is poured over us, or shrinking when we are touched in certain places. Men's hair rises up at bad news, their faces blush at indecent words, and they are seized with dizziness when looking down a precipice; and as it is not in our power to prevent any of these things, no reasoning can prevent their taking place. But anger can be put to flight by wise maxims; for it is a voluntary defect of the mind, and not one of those things which are evolved by the conditions of human life, and which, therefore, may happen even to the wisest of us.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 2 Book 2 · 4 of 103
Seneca — The Senator

There's no doubt that anger starts when we think someone has wronged us. But here's the question: Does anger immediately follow that thought and spring up without any help from our minds? Or does anger need our mind's cooperation to get started? We Stoics believe that anger cannot do anything by itself without our mind's approval. Think about what happens: we form the idea that we've been wronged, we want revenge, and we connect two thoughts — that we shouldn't have been hurt and that we should strike back. A simple impulse that happens without our permission cannot do all this. That impulse would be simple. But this is complex, made up of several parts. The person understands that something happened. He gets indignant about it. He condemns what was done. And he seeks revenge. All these things cannot happen without his mind agreeing to the thoughts that affected him.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 1 Book 2 · 3 of 103
Calm Your Mind Freedom & Control
Seneca — The Senator Original

There is no doubt that anger is roused by the appearance of an injury being done: but the question before us is, whether anger straightway follows the appearance, and springs up without assistance from the mind, or whether it is roused with the sympathy of the mind. Our (the Stoics') opinion is, that anger can venture upon nothing by itself, without the approval of mind: for to conceive the idea of a wrong having been done, to long to avenge it, and to join the two propositions, that we ought not to have been injured and that it is our duty to avenge our injuries, cannot belong to a mere impulse which is excited without our consent. That impulse is a simple act; this is a complex one, and composed of several parts. The man understands something to have happened: he becomes indignant thereat: he condemns the deed; and he avenges it. All these things cannot be done without his mind agreeing to those matters which touched him.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 1 Book 2 · 3 of 103
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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