Plain
Seneca — The Senator

Our opponent says, "An orator speaks better when he's angry." Not true. He speaks better when he pretends to be angry. Actors bring down the house with their performance — not when they're really angry, but when they act angry well. In the same way, when addressing a jury or crowd, or in any situation where we need to influence people, we must pretend to feel anger, fear, or pity before we can make others feel them. Often the pretense of passion will do what real passion could never accomplish. "A mind that doesn't feel anger," he says, "is weak." True — if it has nothing stronger than anger to rely on. A person should be neither a robber nor a victim, neither soft-hearted nor cruel. The first comes from a mind that's too weak, the second from one that's too hard. Let the wise person be moderate. And when things need to be done with some force, let him call on strength — not anger — to help him.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 17 Book 2 · 42 of 103
Calm Your Mind Knowing Yourself
Seneca — The Senator Original

“An orator,” says our opponent, “sometimes speaks better, when he is angry.” Not so, but when he pretends to be angry: for so also actors bring down the house by their playing, not when they are really angry, but when they act the angry man well: and in like manner, in addressing a jury or a popular assembly, or in any other position in which the minds of others have to be influenced at our pleasure, we must ourselves pretend to feel anger, fear, or pity before we can make others feel them, and often the pretence of passion will do what the passion itself could not have done. “The mind which does not feel anger,” says he, “is feeble.” True, if it has nothing stronger than anger to support it. A man ought to be neither robber nor victim, neither tender-hearted nor cruel. The former belongs to an over-weak mind, the latter to an over-hard one. Let the wise man be moderate, and when things have to be done somewhat briskly, let him call force, not anger, to his aid.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 17 Book 2 · 42 of 103
Seneca — The Senator

But why do you compare people to such terrible examples? You have the whole universe and God as models. Humans are the only animals who can imitate God, because we're the only ones who can understand Him. "The most hot-tempered people," he says, "seem like the most honest." Sure, but only when you compare them to cheats and con artists. They look simple because they speak their minds. I wouldn't call them simple — I'd call them careless. We use the word "simple" for all kinds of fools: gluttons, big spenders, and people whose flaws are obvious to everyone.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 16 Book 2 · 41 of 103
Human Nature Knowing Yourself
Seneca — The Senator Original

What reason, however, have you for referring mankind to such wretched models, when you have the universe and God, whom he alone of animals imitates because he alone comprehends Him? “The most irritable men,” says he, “are thought to be the most straightforward of all.” Yes, because they are compared with swindlers and sharpers, and appear to be simple because they are outspoken. I should not call such men simple, but heedless. We give this title of “simple” to all fools, gluttons, spendthrifts, and men whose vices lie on the surface.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 16 Book 2 · 41 of 103
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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