Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

What made Eteocles and Polynices enemies? Nothing but their opinions about royal power and exile. They believed one was the worst evil and the other the greatest good. This is human nature: we seek what's good and avoid what's bad. We see anyone who takes away our good or gives us something bad as an enemy and a traitor — even if that person is our brother, son, or father. Nothing matters more to us than what we think is good. So if you believe external things are truly good and evil, then fathers won't be friends to their sons. Brothers won't be friends to brothers. The whole world becomes full of enemies, traitors, and flatterers.

Discourses, Against the Quarrelsome and Ferocious 351 of 388
Human Nature Freedom & Control
Epictetus — The Slave Original

That which made Eteocles and Polynices enemies was nothing else than this opinion which they had about royal power, their opinion about exile, that the one is the extreme of evils, the other the greatest good. Now this is the nature of every man to seek the good, to avoid the bad; to consider him who deprives us of the one and involves us in the other an enemy and treacherous, even if he be a brother, or a son, or a father. For nothing is more akin to us than the good; therefore, if these things (externals) are good and evil, neither is a father a friend to sons, nor a brother to a brother, but all the world is everywhere full of enemies, treacherous men, and sycophants.

Discourses, Against the Quarrelsome and Ferocious 351 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

Everything else in the world can be destroyed or stolen. If you get attached to these things, you're bound to be upset. You'll worry, you'll cry when you lose them, you won't get what you want, and you'll end up with what you're trying to avoid. So why don't we choose to secure the only real safety we have? Why don't we stop clinging to things that can be lost or taken away? Why don't we work on the things that last forever and are naturally free? Remember this: no one can actually hurt you or help you. It's your opinions about what happens that hurt you. Your opinions are what knock you down. This is where the real fight is. This is where the real conflict happens. This is war.

Discourses, Against the Quarrelsome and Ferocious 350 of 388
Freedom & Control Facing Hardship
Epictetus — The Slave Original

All (other) things everywhere are perishable, easily taken by assault, and if any man in any way is attached to them, he must be disturbed, except what is bad, he must fear, lament, find his desires disappointed, and fall into things which he would avoid. Then do we not choose to make secure the only means of safety which are offered to us, and do we not choose to withdraw ourselves from that which is perishable and servile and to labor at the things which are imperishable and by nature free; and do we not remember that no man either hurts another or does good to another, but that a man's opinions about each thing, is that which hurts him, is that which overturns him; this is fighting, this is civil discord, this is war?

Discourses, Against the Quarrelsome and Ferocious 350 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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