Plain
Epictetus — The Slave

So first you need to figure out which of these views about the gods is actually true. If there are no gods, how can our goal be to follow them? If they exist but don't care about anything, how can it be right to follow them? And even if they do exist and pay attention to things, but they don't communicate anything to humans — or to me personally — how can it still be right to follow them? The wise and good person thinks through all of this. Then they submit their mind to whoever runs the universe, just like good citizens follow the laws of their city.

Discourses, Of Contentment 31 of 388
Doing The Right Thing Knowing Yourself
Epictetus — The Slave Original

Before all other things then it is necessary to inquire about each of these opinions, whether it is affirmed truly or not truly. For if there are no gods, how is it our proper end to follow them? And if they exist, but take no care of anything, in this case also how will it be right to follow them? But if indeed they do exist and look after things, still if there is nothing communicated from them to men, nor in fact to myself, how even so is it right (to follow them)? The wise and good man then, after considering all these things, submits his own mind to him who administers the whole, as good citizens do to the law of the state.

Discourses, Of Contentment 31 of 388
Epictetus — The Slave

People have different views about gods. Some say no divine being exists at all. Others say one exists but doesn't care about anything and never acts. A third group says a divine being exists and cares about things, but only big cosmic matters — nothing that happens on earth. A fourth group says the divine being cares about both earthly and cosmic things, but only in general terms, not about individual cases. Then there's a fifth group that includes Ulysses and Socrates, who say: 'I don't move without your knowledge.'

Discourses, Of Contentment 30 of 388
Human Nature What Matters Most
Epictetus — The Slave Original

With respect to gods, there are some who say that a divine being does not exist; others say that it exists, but is inactive and careless, and takes no forethought about anything; a third class say that such a being exists and exercises forethought, but only about great things and heavenly things, and about nothing on the earth; a fourth class say that a divine being exercises forethought both about things on the earth and heavenly things, but in a general way only, and not about things severally. There is a fifth class to whom Ulysses and Socrates belong, who say:

I move not without thy knowledge.—Iliad, x., 278.

Discourses, Of Contentment 30 of 388
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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