Plain
Seneca — The Senator

Next, anger has no value by itself. It doesn't stir the mind to brave acts in war. Virtue is complete on its own — it never needs help from a vice. When virtue needs fierce effort, it doesn't get angry. Instead, it rises to the challenge and excites or calms itself as much as needed. Think of war machines that shoot arrows — the operator can tighten or loosen them as he pleases.

"Anger is necessary," Aristotle says. "No battle can be won without it, unless it fills the mind and fires up the spirit. But anger should be used as a soldier, not as a general."

This is wrong. If anger listens to reason and follows where reason leads, it's no longer anger. Anger's main feature is stubbornness. But if anger won't listen and refuses to be quiet when ordered — if it gets carried away by its own willful spirit — then it's as useless to the mind as a soldier who ignores the retreat signal would be to his general.

On Anger, Book 1, Section 9 Book 1 · 26 of 69
Calm Your Mind Doing The Right Thing
Seneca — The Senator Original

In the next place, anger has nothing useful in itself, and does not rouse up the mind to warlike deeds: for a virtue, being self-sufficient, never needs the assistance of a vice: whenever it needs an impetuous effort, it does not become angry, but rises to the occasion, and excites or soothes itself as far as it deems requisite, just as the machines which hurl darts may be twisted to a greater or lesser degree of tension at the manager’s pleasure. “Anger,” says Aristotle, “is necessary, nor can any fight be won without it, unless it fills the mind, and kindles up the spirit. It must, however, be made use of, not as a general, but as a soldier,” Now this is untrue; for if it listens to reason and follows whither reason leads, it is no longer anger, whose characteristic is obstinacy: if, again, it is disobedient and will not be quiet when ordered, but is carried away by its own wilful and headstrong spirit, it is then as useless an aid to the mind as a soldier who disregards the sounding of the retreat would be to a general.

On Anger, Book 1, Section 9 Book 1 · 26 of 69
Seneca — The Senator

"But some angry people stay in control," you might say. When exactly? Only when their anger is already cooling down and fading away on its own — not when it was blazing hot. At that point, the anger was stronger than they were. But don't people sometimes spare their enemies even when furious? Don't they hold back from hurting them? Sure they do. But when does this happen? It's when one emotion overpowers another. Fear or greed takes over for a moment. In these cases, anger doesn't quiet down because of reason. It's just a shaky, temporary cease-fire between competing passions.

On Anger, Book 1, Section 8 Book 1 · 25 of 69
Calm Your Mind Human Nature
Seneca — The Senator Original

"But some angry men remain consistent and control themselves." When do they do so? It is when their anger is disappearing and leaving them of its own accord, not when it was red-hot, for then it was more powerful than they. What then? do not men, even in the height of their anger, sometimes let their enemies go whole and unhurt, and refrain from injuring them? "They do: but when do they do so? It is when one passion overpowers another, and either fear or greed gets the upper hand for a while. On such occasions, it is not thanks to reason that anger is stilled, but owing to an untrustworthy and fleeting truce between the passions.

On Anger, Book 1, Section 8 Book 1 · 25 of 69
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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