Plain
Seneca — The Senator

Fabius used to say that the most shameful excuse a general could make was "I didn't think." I believe it's the most shameful excuse any person can make. Think about everything. Expect everything. Even good people will surprise you with something strange. Human nature creates minds that betray, feel no gratitude, want too much, and ignore what's sacred. When you're judging what one person might do, remember what people in general are capable of. When you're having the most fun, be most careful. When everything looks peaceful, remember that trouble isn't gone — it's just sleeping. Always believe something will happen to upset you. A ship's captain never spreads his sails with such confidence that he doesn't keep his gear ready to pull them down quickly.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 31 Book 2 · 83 of 103
Human Nature Facing Hardship
Seneca — The Senator Original

Fabius was wont to say that the most shameful excuse a general could make was "I did not think." I think it the most shameful excuse that a man can make. Think of everything, expect everything: even with men of good character something queer will crop up; human nature produces minds that are treacherous, ungrateful, greedy, and impious: when you are considering what any man's morals may be, think what those of mankind are. When you are especially enjoying yourself, be especially on your guard: when everything seems to you to be peaceful, be sure that mischief is not absent, but only asleep. Always believe that something will occur to offend you. A pilot never spreads all his canvas abroad so confidently as not to keep his tackle for shortening sail ready for use.

On Anger, Book 2, Section 31 Book 2 · 83 of 103
Seneca — The Senator

So why do we get angry when our enemies hurt us? Because we didn't expect that particular injury, or at least not something so bad. This happens because we love ourselves too much. We think we should stay safe even from our enemies. Everyone carries the heart of a tyrant inside them — we're happy to dish it out, but we don't want to take it. So anger comes from either ignorance or arrogance. Ignorance of basic facts. What's so surprising about bad people doing bad things? What's new about your enemy hurting you, your friend fighting with you, your son screwing up, or your servant making mistakes?

On Anger, Book 2, Section 31 Book 2 · 82 of 103
Human Nature Knowing Yourself
Seneca — The Senator Original

How is it, then, asks our opponent, that we are angered by the injuries inflicted by our enemies? It is because we did not expect those particular injuries, or, at any rate, not on so extensive a scale. This is caused by our excessive self-love: we think that we ought to remain uninjured even by our enemies: every man bears within his breast the mind of a despot, and is willing to commit excesses, but unwilling to submit to them. Thus it is either ignorance or arrogance that makes us angry: ignorance of common facts; for what is there to wonder at in bad men committing evil deeds? what novelty is there in your enemy hurting you, your friend quarrelling with you, your son going wrong, or your servant doing amiss?

On Anger, Book 2, Section 31 Book 2 · 82 of 103
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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