Plain
Seneca — The Senator

People who know they have weak stomachs always eat something before important meetings to settle their bile. Physical exhaustion makes bile especially irritated. This happens either because fatigue pulls vital heat toward the center of the body, harming the blood and slowing circulation by clogging veins, or because a worn-out, weakened body affects the mind. This explains why sick people and the elderly get angry more easily than others. You should avoid hunger and thirst for the same reason — they make minds agitated and irritable. There's an old saying: "a weary man is quarrelsome." So is a hungry man, or a thirsty man, or anyone suffering from any cause. Just as sores hurt at the slightest touch, and then hurt even at the fear of being touched, an unsound mind takes offense at the smallest things. Even a greeting, a letter, a speech, or a question can make some people angry.

On Anger, Book 3, Section 9 Book 3 · 31 of 121
Calm Your Mind Human Nature
Seneca — The Senator Original

For this reason those who cannot trust their digestion, when they are about to transact business of importance always allay their bile with food, for it is peculiarly irritated by fatigue, either because it draws the vital heat into the middle of the body, and injures the blood and stops its circulation by the clogging of the veins, or else because the worn-out and weakened body reacts upon the mind: this is certainly the reason why those who are broken by ill-health or age are more irascible than other men. Hunger also and thirst should be avoided for the same reason; they exasperate and irritate men’s minds: it is an old saying that “a weary man is quarrelsome “: and so also is a hungry or a thirsty man, or one who is suffering from any cause whatever: for just as sores pain one at the slightest touch, and afterwards even at the fear of being touched, so an unsound mind takes offence at the slightest things, so that even a greeting, a letter, a speech, or a question, provokes some men to anger.

On Anger, Book 3, Section 9 Book 3 · 31 of 121
Seneca — The Senator

People who get angry easily shouldn't take on serious, demanding work. Or at least they should quit before they get exhausted. Their minds shouldn't wrestle with hard problems. Instead, give them pleasant activities. Let them read poetry and interesting stories. Treat them with luxury and refinement. Pythagoras used to calm his troubled spirit by playing the lyre. Everyone knows that trumpets and horns irritate us, while certain melodies put us to sleep and soothe the mind. Green is good for tired eyes. Some colors are gentle on weak vision, while bright ones hurt. In the same way, cheerful activities soothe unhealthy minds. We must avoid courtrooms, legal arguments, trials, and anything else that makes our anger worse. We should also avoid physical exhaustion. It drains away everything that is calm and gentle in us, and stirs up bitterness.

On Anger, Book 3, Section 9 Book 3 · 30 of 121
Calm Your Mind Knowing Yourself
Seneca — The Senator Original

Irascible men ought not to meddle with the more serious class of occupations, or, at any rate, ought to stop short of weariness in the pursuit of them; their mind ought not to be engaged upon hard subjects, but handed over to pleasing arts: let it be softened by reading poetry, and interested by legendary history: let it be treated with luxury and refinement. Pythagoras used to calm his troubled spirit by playing upon the lyre: and who does not know that trumpets and clarions are irritants, just as some airs are lullabies and soothe the mind? Green is good for wearied eyes, and some colours are grateful to weak sight, while the brightness of others is painful to it. In the same way cheerful pursuits soothe unhealthy minds. We must avoid law courts, pleadings, verdicts, and everything else that aggravates our fault, and we ought no less to avoid bodily weariness; for it exhausts all that is quiet and gentle in us, and rouses bitterness.

On Anger, Book 3, Section 9 Book 3 · 30 of 121
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Ancient philosophy, in plain English.

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